Miss Your Medicare Initial Enrollment? What You Should Know.
Key Takeaways
- Your Initial Enrollment Period (IEP) lasts for seven months — your birth month, plus the three calendar months before and the three calendar months after.
- There are different late-enrollment penalties for Medicare Part AMedicare Part A is hospital insurance, which covers the care you receive while admitted to a hospital, skilled nursing facility, or other inpatient facility. Medicare Part A is part of Original Medicare. , Medicare Part BMedicare Part B is medical insurance that covers Medicare-approved services — such as medically necessary treatment and preventive services — and certain other costs, like durable medical equipment. Medicare Part B is part of Original Medicare. , and Prescription Drug Plan (Part D)Medicare Part D is prescription drug coverage for people enrolled in Medicare. Part D is optional and is offered by private insurance companies. .
- The late-enrollment penalties add a late fee to your monthly premiumsA premium is a fee you pay to your insurance company for health plan coverage. This is usually a monthly cost. .
- You might qualify for a Special Enrollment PeriodA Special Enrollment Period is an opportunity outside of a standard enrollment period in which your specific circumstances allow you an opportunity to make changes to your Medicare-related coverage. if you missed IEP. If so, you can enroll without penalty.
Maybe your Medicare forms got lost in the mail or accidentally thrown away. Or you simply lost track of time. Whatever the reason, missing your Initial Enrollment Period (IEP) for Medicare can mean you’re stuck paying penalties for the rest of your life.
But before you panic, here’s our guide to what you need to know if you miss your IEP. When is your IEP? When else can you sign up? Is there a way to avoid late enrollment penalties? If you or a loved one is signing up for Medicare and may have missed your IEP, here’s how to make sense of the process.
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How Do I Know if I’ve Missed My IEP for Medicare?
The first step is knowing when your IEP takes place. Your initial enrollment window includes the month you turn 65, plus the three months before and after your birth month. This is known as the seven-month rule. For example, let’s imagine you turn 65 in June. Your IEP opens March 1 and closes September 30.
If it’s been three or more months since you turned 65 and you’re not sure if you’re enrolled, contact Medicare to find out.
Are There Penalties for Missing My IEP?
Missing your IEP can be a costly mistake. Whether you’re talking about Medicare Part A, Medicare Part B, or Medicare Prescription Drug Plan (Part D) — all three come with late enrollment penalties that get tacked onto your monthly premiums when you finally do sign up. Even worse, you’ll pay some of these penalties as long as you have the coverage. Here’s a breakdown of the current enrollment penalties for the different kinds of Medicare:
Medicare Part A Late-Enrollment Penalty
Let’s start here: you won’t have to pay for Medicare Part A if you or your spouse worked for 10 or more years. If you worked less than that, you might have a monthly premium for Part A, also known as Medicare’s hospital coverage. If you worked less than 10 years and missed your IEP, you’ll have to pay a penalty.
The sentence: For every year you weren’t enrolled in Part A, you’ll pay a 10% penalty for two years.
For example, those that worked between 7.5 and 10 years pay a $285 Part A premium in 2025. If this is you and you signed up two years late, you’ll pay:
- Part A premium: $285 per month
- 10% penalty: $28.50 per month
- Part A premium amount with a penalty: $313.50
Because you signed up two years late, you’ll pay the increased monthly amount of $305.80 for four years. After that, it’ll drop back to the normal amount.
Medicare Part B Late Enrollment Penalty
Your premium amount for Medicare Part B, also called medical insurance, is income-based. In 2025, if you make $106,000 per year or less (or you and your spouse together make less than $212,000), your Part B monthly premium is $185. That amount can increase up to $628.90 per month for the highest incomes. Unless you have other creditable coverage, missing your IEP is almost always going to result in a financial penalty with Part B.
The sentence: A 10% penalty for every 12 months you didn’t sign up after becoming eligible. This is a lifetime penalty, meaning you’ll pay it each month you have Part B.
For example: Your Part B premium is $185 in 2025, and you signed up two years late. you’ll pay:
- Part B premium: $185
- 20% penalty (10% x 2 years): $37
- Part B premium with a penalty: $222
That $37 penalty for delaying two years equates to an extra $444 per year you’ll pay every year that you’re enrolled in Part B.
Medicare Part D Late Enrollment Penalty
Medicare Part D costs are based on your income and specific needs. The Part D base beneficiary premium in 2025 is $36.78. That amount figures into the late enrollment penalty you’ll pay if you go more than 63 days past your IEP without creditable drug coverage. Here’s how:
The sentence: You’ll pay an extra 1% of the current average Part D premium for every eligible month you didn’t have creditable coverage. If you went six months past your IEP, your monthly penalty would be:
- Part D base beneficiary premium: $36.78 (in 2025) X .06 (1% each mo. at 6 mos.) = $2.20 per month. (rounded to the nearest $0.10)
Like Part B, a Part D late-enrollment penalty stays in place as long as you’re enrolled in a Part D plan, so quickly spotting your omission will pay off.
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I Missed My IEP. When Can I Sign Up?
If you missed your IEP, here’s some good news — there are several enrollment periods during the year. They are:
Special Enrollment Periods
The first thing to do if you’ve missed your IEP is to see if you qualify for a Special Enrollment Period (SEP). These are special windows during which you’re allowed to enroll in a Medicare plan outside the regular periods. Special Enrollment Periods open after certain qualifying life events, including:
- Moving
- End of current qualifying coverage
- The month after the employment ends
- The month after group health plan insurance based on current employment ends
General Enrollment Period
Medicare’s General Enrollment Period is for people who missed their IEP and didn’t qualify for a Special Enrollment Period. This enrollment period runs from January 1 through March 31. Plans purchased at this time are active the first of the following month.
Medicare’s Open Enrollment Period
If you are already enrolled in Parts A and B but not Part D, the Open Enrollment Period (October 15–December 7) provides a chance for you to add Part D. You can’t add Parts A and B for the first time during the Open Enrollment Period, also known as the Annual Enrollment Period.
Am I Stuck Paying My Part B Late Penalty Forever?
There are circumstances where you may be able to get your Part B enrollment penalty reduced or even eliminated. This is known as Equitable Relief, and it’s typically awarded only when:
- You had creditable coverage from a Marketplace plan when you turned 65.
- You received incorrect or misleading information from a Medicare or Social Security official that caused you to incur an enrollment penalty. If you qualify for Equitable Relief, you may even be given retroactive coverage. In that case, you’ll need to be prepared to pay the premiums for any months that are retroactively covered.
FAQ
Do my late-enrollment penalties carry over if I switch to Medicare Advantage?
Do I have a late-enrollment penalty if I was covered under my or my spouse’s job-based coverage when I turned 65?
What Medicare coverage is right for my specific situation?
Sources
- Medicare costs at a glance. Medicare.gov.
- Conditions for Providing Equitable Relief. SSA.gov.
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